Are Neurodiversity Disorders Genetic?
A Conversation with Counselling Psychologist Catherine Njeri.
When a child struggles to sit still, finish homework, or pay attention in class, many parents immediately wonder whether they are simply being mischievous. Yet, for some families, the explanation goes deeper. Conditions such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) fall under what specialists call neurodiversity disorders, and the big question parents often ask is whether they are inherited.
According to counselling psychologist Catherine Njeri, genetics can play a part, but they are not the whole story. “You may notice ADHD running in families, but environment and early experiences also influence how it shows up,” she explains. A child may inherit a predisposition, but the extent of their challenges often depends on factors like parenting approaches, school environment, and emotional support.
Understanding ADHD
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects concentration, impulse control, and planning.
Symptoms typically appear around age four but become more noticeable in school, where teachers may observe a child who cannot sit still, constantly interrupts, or struggles to stay on task. Although ADHD is most often identified in childhood, it can continue into adulthood, presenting as forgetfulness, disorganisation, and difficulty maintaining stable jobs or relationships.
It is important to distinguish ADHD from autism, as the two are sometimes confused. Children with autism may have trouble with speech, emotional expression, and social interaction but can sustain focus on a single task for long periods. Children with ADHD, on the other hand, usually express themselves and show emotion, but their attention shifts rapidly from one activity to another.
In children, hyperactivity is the hallmark; constant movement, excessive talking, and acting without considering consequences. In adults, hyperactivity often reduces, but inattentiveness becomes more dominant, leaving them absent-minded and easily distracted.
School and Social Life
ADHD does not mean a child is less intelligent. Many children with the condition are bright, but their inability to sustain attention holds them back. Sadly, teachers may mistake this for laziness, which damages self-esteem and motivation. Social life can be equally challenging. Friendships may be short-lived, affected by impulsivity or emotional unpredictability. Over time, this isolation may lead to anxiety or depression.
Although ADHD cannot be cured, it can be managed effectively with the right support. Psychiatrists may prescribe medication to regulate dopamine, the brain chemical linked to focus and motivation. Behavioural therapy helps children and adults develop coping strategies and structure, while lifestyle practices such as routines, meditation, and breathing exercises strengthen focus.
Above all, Catherine stresses the importance of empathy. “Children with ADHD are not lazy,” she says. With early diagnosis, patience, and consistent support, they can thrive academically, socially, and later in their professional lives.
A Message to Parents
Neurodiversity disorders may have genetic links, but they do not define a child’s potential. What matters most is awareness, early intervention, and creating environments where children feel understood rather than judged. With the right guidance, ADHD does not have to be a limitation, it can be one part of a child’s journey toward resilience and success.
To hear more from Catherine Njeri on ADHD and her advice to parents, watch the full interview on our YouTube channel.
Interview conducted by Immaculate Adoyo
